It acts only in presence of viable Beta Cells of pancreas gland.
Beta-cytotropic (Action) increase in basal output of insulin and mainly nutrient (diet) stimulated (mainly glucose induced) secretion of insulin.
Reduces Hepatic (liver) basal glucose output due to reduction in gluconeogenesis (new glucose formation) and glycogenosis (glucose formation by breakdown of glycogen).
Reduces glycogen release from cells of pancreas.
Increase in number OF insulin receptors and increase in us affinity. Increase in the release of secretine and GIP hormone, which increases the insulin secretion.
SIDE EFFECTS OF SULFONYL UREA
Hypoglycaemia : (Usually prolonged) it can be specially with chlorpropamide / glibenclamide.
BIGAUNIDES :
Machanism of action
1. No pancreatic action (they don’t stimulate B-cells to increase more insulin)
2. Increase glucose uptake by muscles
3. Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis
4. Increase number of insulin receptors
5. Diminishes intestinal glucose absorption
Both share the same mechanism of actions and reduce blood glucose by increasing the sensitivity of the body’s own tissue to insulin. These don’t stimulate the Beta Cells to secret more insulin.
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